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MYANMAR
In Myanmar, we conducted an ethnographic investigation into how Chinese digital technology intricately weaves into the fabric of local life. Working together with low-income mobile users in Mandalay—Myanmar’s second-largest city and a key economic hub in the central region—our researcher examined the everyday, situated practices surrounding mobile adoption, leisure, and trade from the perspective of marginalised users. Key moments from the fieldwork include documenting the experiences of second-hand mobile phone users, observing traders in Mandalay’s bustling jade market who engage with Chinese social media livestreamers, and exploring the widespread popularity of the Chinese mobile game Mobile Legends among Myanmar’s youth.
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Level Up: Mobile Legends and Youth Gaming Culture in Myanmar
VISUAL ESSAYS
These images offer a window into the dynamic scene of youth digital gaming in Myanmar, where leisure, social identity, and consumer culture converge. From in-person tournaments to specialised shops and targeted advertisements, our Myanmar researcher captured how the Chinese mobile game Mobile Legends: Bang Bang comes to life in everyday settings. In public spaces, it is common to see promotional banners for the game and hear familiar sounds of gameplay echoing from street corners and teashops, reflecting the ubiquitous presence of the game woven into the social fabric of youth’s daily lives.

A shop placard in downtown Yangon displays prices of "diamonds", the currency of the Chinese mobile game Mobile Legends: Bang Bang. Photo: Thant Sin Oo/May 2024

Two youths play Mobile Legends together on their mobile phones, in Mandalay. Photo: Thant Sin Oo/June 2024

A mobile phone sticker with Mobile Legends game character, Yangon. Photo: Thant Sin Oo/July 2024

A promotion stand of the Tecno phone uses a Mobile Legends' character to promote its gaming phone series. Photo: Thant Sin Oo/July 2024

A quirky marketing quote at the phone promotion stand reads: “Boys, you can grab our game series to impress the shawty at the showroom with your victories”, Yangon. Photo: Thant Sin Oo/July 2024

Youths walk past a RealMe mobile phone advertisement at an outdoor digital products fair in Yangon, where a public Mobile Legends tournament is being held. Photo: Thant Sin Oo/June 2024

RealMe mobile phone display tents are set up outdoors at the fair. Photo: Thant Sin Oo/June 2024

Audience gathers outside the tent to watch the Mobile Legends tournament, sponsored by a local beer brand. Photo: Thant Sin O/June 2024.

Game scene is displayed on a big screen as local celebrities compete on the stage at the Mobile Legends game tournament. Photo: Thant Sin O/June 2024

A young attendee plays Mobile Legends on his phone at the event, Yangon. Photo: Thant Sin Oo/June 2024.

The game show announcer presents an award to a winner during the game competition. Photo: Thant Sin Oo/June 2024